Size.



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-WILLIAM A. WEI-spawns AND EUGENE WILLIAMS, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, Assrenons 'ro ADAMS a ELTING COMPANY, or CHICAGO, ILLINoIS-,-. A CQRPORATION or ILLINOIS.

' SIZE.

1315,365 Specification of Letters Patent.

No Drawing.

To all whom/it may concern: Be it known that We, WILLIAM A. WEE- LAN%S and EI'IGENI: WILLIAMs, both citizens of t e United States, residing at Chicago, county of Cook, State of Illinois, have mvented acertain'new and useful Improve- 'ment in Size, and declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, such as willenable others skilled in the art to which it'pertains-to make and use the same. p Before applying calcimi ne or other finishing material to the surface to be finished it is necessary to apply a size of some kind l5 inord'er to furnish a foundation for the finishing material and prevent it from soaking into the surface and presenting a mottled and unsatisfactory appearance.

prises a body materia state, enough water being added thereto Our invention has for its object the provision of a size which shall be cheap and efficient and which may be applied to a surface in the form of a waterymixture.

Generally speaking our invention coml and an adhesive material mixed together in a finely divided just before it is applied to permit it to be spread in a thin layer over the surface I treated. These materials are preferably selected so that they form a firm light and durable coating. We have found that plaster of Paris or gypsum answer satisfactorily as the body ingredient while, glue, casein, fldextrin or other albuminous substances may be used as the adhesive ingredient. When such a size is mixed with water and applied to a surface, the glue bindsthe plaster of Paris to the surface and there.it sets and hardens, forming a hard white foundation forthe fininshlng coat. Not only will the finishing coat adhere firmly to the primary coat butLby reason of the whiteness of the latter, the coloring of the finishing coat is broughtout inall its brightness and richness. x

There is another advantage In size of thee Y character. After the size has been applied it is comparatively permanent so that' even if the finishing coat is afterward washed ofi, the primary coat remains suflicl'ently ntact to permit a new finishing coatto be applied without re-sizing.

Where walls containing lime, such as brick or plaster walls, are to be .calcimined or painted, it is diflicult toprevent'the lime,

Application filed June 11, 1908. Serial No. 437,859.

a small quantity of alum-or other substance.

containing aluminum, the alkali of any lime which would .otherwise work through the size and attack the coloring matter in the finishing coat will be neutralized softhat the coloring of the finishing coat will notwhich has an'aflinity for the coloring in- I gredlents', from seriously affecting the colbe injured.- This ingredient also performs other functions: it increases the specific gravity of water so that the powdered mixture is more readily held in suspentsion therein; and it acts as an antiseptic, preventing fermentation, particularly of the glue. I

Additional adavantageous results may be obtained from the addition of asmall quantity of borax, boracic acid, sodium carbonate potassium carbonate or the like. This ingredient softens the water with which the powdered size is mixed, increases its specific gravity, assists the alum i preventing fermentation, and serves to cut any grease which may be present on the surface treated.

The several ingredients may be mixed together in various proportions, we having found, however, that a size containing forty parts (by weight) of plaster of Paris to 7 ,thirtyparts of the best quality of glue gives Tofthese may be addedone part of the alum ingredient and one ingredient. These excellent results.

partof the borax proportions may of course be changed to meet -given conditions, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

In preparing the size, all of the ingredients are thoroughly mixed in 'groundcondia tion, and, when it is to be used, enough watef'is added thereto to give it the proper consistency to make its application easy.

Our improved size has been found to be w I particularly useful for-treating so-called green walls, that is,- walls in which the laster or mortar has not become thoroughly 4 ry. It is often necessary vto 'calcimiiie walls in this condition with the result that,

notwithstanding'the utmost-care on*the' part lip of the vdecorator, the calcimine will run upon the walls and the coloring matter thereof will be attacked by the alkali in the lime, producing an uneven and mottled appearance. Such walls, after having been treated with our improved size, and ca-lcimined in colors particularly susce tible to the influence of alkalis, have been ound to be covered with smooth, uniform coating of a rich, even tint entirely unlike that obtained with ordinary water size.

While we have described at length'the 1 best form of our invention or discovery now known to us, we do not desire to be limited to the exact ingredients orthe proportions thereof specified, since in its broader aspects our invention or discovery contemplates a wide range of ingredients and proportionsthereof as will be evident from the terms employed in the definitions constituting the appended claim:

Having now fully described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

A water size consisting of forty parts of powdered plaster of Paris, thirty parts of powdered glue,-one part of powdered alum, and one part of powdered borax, mixed together in a natural state.

In testimony whereof, we sign this speci- 30 fication in the presence of two witnesses. WILLIAM A. VVEELANDS. EUGENE WILLIAMS. Witnesses:

WM. F. FREN'DENREIQH, HARRY S. GAITIHIER. 

